為了減少?gòu)N房油煙的污染，我們?cè)谘b修時(shí)都會(huì)安裝油煙機(jī)，把油煙通過(guò)風(fēng)道排出去，但是有時(shí)反倒沒(méi)把油煙排出去反倒讓油煙倒灌進(jìn)來(lái)，這是什么原因呢？

In order to reduce the pollution of kitchen fumes, we often install range hoods during decoration to exhaust the fumes through air ducts. However, sometimes the fumes are not discharged but instead poured in. What is the reason for this?

消防排煙管道廚房油煙倒灌的原因：吸油煙機(jī)上的止逆閥和煙道加裝的下垂式油煙止逆閥大都采用吸油煙機(jī)風(fēng)力開(kāi)啟、閥片重力關(guān)閉的結(jié)構(gòu)，小部分在閥片上加裝彈簧以助閥門(mén)關(guān)閉。為了保證吸油煙機(jī)風(fēng)力可以吹開(kāi)止逆閥片，閥片重量或彈簧力不能過(guò)大，所以閥門(mén)關(guān)閉力較小。因?yàn)殚y片易受油垢粘連，粘連后止逆閥開(kāi)、關(guān)均不到位，開(kāi)不到位的后果是排風(fēng)不暢，風(fēng)量衰減;關(guān)不到位的后果是發(fā)生大量的油煙倒灌。

The reason for the kitchen oil fume backflow in the fire exhaust duct: The check valve on the range hood and the hanging oil fume check valve installed in the flue mostly adopt a structure of wind opening and gravity closing of the range hood, and a small part adds springs on the valve to help the valve close. In order to ensure that the wind power of the range hood can blow open the check valve plate, the weight of the valve plate or the spring force cannot be too large, so the closing force of the valve is relatively small. Because the valve plate is prone to oil scale adhesion, the check valve cannot be opened or closed properly after adhesion, and the consequences of not opening properly are poor ventilation and reduced air volume; The consequence of not closing it properly is the occurrence of a large amount of oil fume backflow.

1、絕大部分吸油煙機(jī)的止逆閥為減少閥片和閥體的接觸面積，在閥片和閥體之間開(kāi)有一條環(huán)縫，目的是防止吸油煙機(jī)停用數(shù)日后油垢粘連閥片，以風(fēng)力無(wú)法吹開(kāi)。如環(huán)縫過(guò)大，當(dāng)鄰居開(kāi)啟吸油煙機(jī)(排污)時(shí)，共用煙道內(nèi)局部壓力增高，污氣就近從這條環(huán)縫倒灌，老式煙道的油煙倒灌往往由此引起。

1. The vast majority of range hood check valves have a ring gap between the valve plate and valve body to reduce the contact area between the valve plate and valve body. The purpose is to prevent oil stains from sticking to the valve plate after the range hood is out of service for several days, so that the wind cannot blow it open. If the annular gap is too large, when the neighbor opens the range hood (for sewage discharge), the local pressure in the shared flue increases, and the dirty gas flows back from this annular gap nearby. This often causes the backflow of oil smoke in the old-fashioned flue.

2、新建樓盤(pán)采用主、副式共用煙道，主煙道排風(fēng)量升高到一定程度時(shí)和吸油煙機(jī)連接的副煙道會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)壓防止油煙倒灌。但是排風(fēng)量過(guò)高會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的負(fù)壓，過(guò)大的負(fù)壓會(huì)吸開(kāi)止逆閥閥片，吸開(kāi)后的閥片受油垢粘連不能有效關(guān)閉，當(dāng)主煙道壓力減小時(shí)副煙道負(fù)壓消失發(fā)生油煙倒灌。因?yàn)闊煹乐械目偱棚L(fēng)量大小取決于同時(shí)開(kāi)啟煙機(jī)數(shù)量及各煙機(jī)的排風(fēng)量，這是單家獨(dú)戶無(wú)法控制的，總排風(fēng)量大時(shí)止逆閥吸開(kāi)的機(jī)率就大，這也是油煙倒灌時(shí)有時(shí)無(wú)的原因。因住戶大都喜歡使用大風(fēng)量煙機(jī)，所以大部分的油煙倒灌均由此引起。

2. The newly built building adopts a shared main and auxiliary flue. When the exhaust volume of the main flue increases to a certain extent, the auxiliary flue connected to the range hood will generate negative pressure to prevent oil fume from flowing back. However, excessive exhaust air volume will generate significant negative pressure, which will open the check valve plate. The opened valve plate cannot be effectively closed due to oil scale adhesion. When the pressure in the main flue decreases, the negative pressure in the auxiliary flue disappears, resulting in oil fume backflow. Because the total exhaust volume in the flue depends on the number of simultaneously opened range hoods and the exhaust volume of each range hood, which cannot be controlled by a single household. When the total exhaust volume is high, the probability of the check valve opening is higher, which is also the reason why there is sometimes no oil fume backflow. Due to the fact that most residents prefer to use high air volume range hoods, most of the oil fume backflow is caused by this.

3、當(dāng)樓上油煙機(jī)排煙壓力和風(fēng)量較大時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生風(fēng)幕作用，隔絕樓下油煙在煙道內(nèi)順暢流通。使得樓下煙道內(nèi)局部壓力增高，壓力增高后推動(dòng)煙道中的污氣從密封效果不好的止逆閥處泄漏，這是樓上燒菜樓下倒灌的原因，隨著使用大風(fēng)量煙機(jī)的住戶增多，由此引起的油煙倒灌正在增加。

3. When the smoke exhaust pressure and air volume of the range hood upstairs are high, it will produce an air curtain effect to isolate the smooth flow of the range hood downstairs in the flue. This causes an increase in local pressure inside the downstairs flue, which in turn pushes the dirty gas in the flue to leak from the poorly sealed check valve. This is the reason for the backflow of cooking vegetables upstairs and downstairs. With the increasing number of residents using high air volume range hoods, the resulting backflow of oil fumes is increasing.

出現(xiàn)油煙倒灌的處理、油煙倒灌的情況主要出現(xiàn)在使用公共煙道的高層建筑中，開(kāi)發(fā)商在這方面也采取了很多措施，現(xiàn)在煙道內(nèi)基本都分為主煙道和副煙道，主要功能就是引導(dǎo)油煙向上排出，減少串味的情況。家中若出現(xiàn)油煙倒灌，應(yīng)該檢查煙道是否通暢。裝修時(shí)的建筑垃圾有可能堵塞煙道，可聯(lián)系物業(yè)清理。

The treatment of oil fume backflow and the situation of oil fume backflow mainly occur in high-rise buildings that use public flues. Developers have also taken many measures in this regard. Nowadays, the flues are basically divided into main and secondary flues, with the main function of guiding oil fume upward and reducing cross odors. If there is oil fume backflow at home, the first thing to check is whether the flue is unobstructed. The construction waste during decoration may block the flue, so please contact the property management for cleaning.

4、有些人在裝修房子時(shí)為了干凈好看，都會(huì)將油煙機(jī)的排氣孔開(kāi)在吊頂上面，而開(kāi)發(fā)商預(yù)留的煙道孔一般比較靠下。為了能裝在吊頂上面，一般的做法是封死原有的煙道孔，在上方重新開(kāi)一個(gè)。這種情況下，開(kāi)發(fā)商原本給煙道配備的止回閥在施工中會(huì)被砸掉，施工人員將煙道口上移，使副煙道失去阻隔作用，并將油煙機(jī)的排氣管放到公共煙道中，直對(duì)主煙道，這種情況必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)油煙倒灌、串味。

4. Some people, in order to clean and look good when decorating their houses, will open the exhaust hole of the range hood on the ceiling, while the flue hole reserved by the developer is generally lower. In order to be installed on the ceiling, the general practice is to seal the original flue hole and open a new one above it. In this case, the check valve originally equipped by the developer for the flue will be smashed during construction. The construction personnel will move the flue mouth upwards, causing the secondary flue to lose its barrier function, and place the exhaust pipe of the range hood in the public flue, directly facing the main flue. This situation will inevitably result in the backflow and odor of the range hood.

5、城市化進(jìn)程造成高層化住房越來(lái)越多。每當(dāng)烹飪高峰時(shí)段，樓上樓下各家各戶同時(shí)啟動(dòng)煙機(jī)，集中排煙造成公共煙道擁堵不堪。面對(duì)壓力重重的惡劣煙道即使煙機(jī)開(kāi)到大風(fēng)量，油煙依然難以沖破煙道阻力，排不凈、油煙倒灌等問(wèn)題就無(wú)法避免。

5. The urbanization process has led to an increasing number of high-rise housing in China. During peak cooking hours, households upstairs and downstairs simultaneously start their smoke exhaust fans, causing congestion in the public flue. Faced with severe pressure in the flue, even when the range hood is turned on with high air volume, it is still difficult for the oil fume to break through the resistance of the flue, and problems such as incomplete discharge and backflow of oil fume cannot be avoided.

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